Unfair Gaps🇺🇸 United States

Natural Gas Extraction Business Guide

15Documented Cases
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All 15 Documented Cases

Escalating Per-Well Plugging Costs Due to Depth, Age, and Complexity

$120k per conventional well; $261k-$415k per horizontal well; up to $1M outliers

P&A costs for natural gas wells exceed initial estimates due to factors like well depth, age, gas-specific challenges, and surface reclamation, with medians at $76k including reclamation and highs over $1M. Costs have risen sharply (e.g., vertical wells from $38k to $120k), and horizontal shale wells reach $261k-$415k. Systemic overruns occur as operators underfund bonds relative to true expenses.

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Lost Saleable Gas from Unpermitted Venting, Flaring, and Fugitive Methane Emissions

$500M–$680M per year in wasted gas on U.S. federal/tribal lands and North Dakota alone; globally up to $60B/year in fugitive methane revenue loss

Natural gas operators routinely lose saleable gas through venting, flaring, and leaks that are under‑detected and under‑reported, directly reducing billable volumes. Studies show hundreds of millions of dollars of natural gas are wasted annually in the U.S. alone, much of it tied to inadequate monitoring and compliance with emissions rules.

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Rework and Retrofits from Emissions Permit Non‑Compliance

$100k–$5M per facility over retrofit cycles depending on scope (estimated by industry case patterns); sector‑wide losses scale to hundreds of millions annually when repeated across multiple basins

When facilities fail to meet air permit limits for flaring, venting, or fugitive emissions, they often must retrofit equipment, redesign produced‑water and gas‑handling systems, and redo engineering and permitting work. This rework adds unplanned capital and engineering cost on top of potential enforcement penalties.

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Methane and Air Emissions Fines, Royalties, and Penalties for Permit Violations

$621M–$2.3B per year in potential U.S. methane fines for pipeline emissions alone at $900/ton, based on estimated 690,000–2.6M tons of methane emissions; additional lost taxes and royalties from vented/flared gas

Operators face direct financial penalties when methane and other air emissions exceed permit limits or are under‑reported, including federal methane fees, state penalties, and lost royalty and tax revenues. With new methane fees under U.S. law, undetected or unreported emissions now translate into significant recurring liabilities.

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